The development of IVRs (Integrated Voltage Regulators) has been an effort now lasting for over 20 years, but never before it has become such an important focus as it is today. AI processors are approaching currents of 1,000 A and heterogeneous integration is bringing a variety of demanding loads, from traditional logic and memory to optical interfaces, inside the package. As already recognized by many thought leaders, energy efficiency is the ultimate metric to achieve the vision of sustainable advanced computing, which will support the next societal and economic transformation. Co-development of all sub-systems to minimize “Joules/Flop” is the new Moore’s Law to enter the Petaflop era, and power management is one of the most critical enablers to achieve the objective.
